GAL4/UASシステム

GAL4/UASシステムとは、酵母に由来するGAL4タンパクとUASを利用した遺伝子発現システムである。遺伝子の発現を人工的に制御するシステムの一種。

概要

GAL4/UASシステムは、転写を活性化されるGAL4タンパクによってUASと呼ばれる配列下に導入した遺伝子を強制発現させるシステムである。

プロモーターを利用して特定の細胞種でのみGAL4を発現させ、全身にUAS-レポーター遺伝子を持つ個体と掛け合わせれば、特定の細胞種でのみレポーター遺伝子を発現できる。レポーター遺伝子の代わりに毒素の遺伝子を用いれば、特定の細胞種のみを殺すことができる。

開発

初登場はハエ (1993)である^[1]。のちにゼブラフィッシュでも開発された^[2]^[3]。

UAS_G

GAL4/UASシステムに用いられるUASは主に酵母のGal1・Gal10を制御するUAS (UAS_G)である。UAS_Gは複数のGAL4結合領域からなっている。GAL4/UASシステムはそのうち一部を利用している。

type	sequence	species	finder/developer	usecase
UAS_G
Ⅰ	CGGATTAGAAGCCGCCG	yeast	Giniger, et al., 1985.^[4]
Ⅱ	CGGGTGACAGCCCTCCG	yeast	Giniger, et al., 1985.^[4]
Ⅲ	AGGAAGACTCTCCTCCG	yeast	Giniger, et al., 1985.^[4]
Ⅳ	CGCGCCGCACTGCTCCG	yeast	Giniger, et al., 1985.^[4]
near-consensus synthetic 17 bp	CGGAAGACTCTCCTCCG	synthetic^[5]	Giniger, et al., 1985.^[4]
17M	CGGAGTACTGTCCTCCG	synthetic^[6]	Webster, et al.. 1988.^[7]	pT2RUASGCaMP7a (5x)^[8], pUAST (5x, fly gene expression), pUASTattB (5x, fly gene expression), pMF3 (10x, GD RNAi library in Vienna Drosophila Resource Center)

その他のUAS_G: ^[9]

欠点

UASのサイレンシングが問題になる^[10]. 至適UASリピート数には議論がある^[11]。

参考文献

浅川和秀・川上浩一. 「Tol2トランスポゾンを用いたゼブラフィッシュGAL4エンハンサートラップ法の確立」^[12]

脚注

^ To create GAL4-responsive target genes, we designed a vector into which genes can be subcloned behind a tandem array of five optimized GAL4 binding sites (hereafter referred to as the UAS, for Upstream Activation Sequence) http://dev.biologists.org/content/118/2/401.long
^ The coding region is under the control of five copies of an optimized UAS from yeast and the minimal E1b promoter of adenovirus (Argenton et al., 1996). "Use of the Gal4-UAS technique for targeted gene expression in the zebrafish" Nico ScheerJosé A. Campos-Ortega. 1999. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477398002093
^ "An activation domain of the helix-loop-helix transcription factor E2A shows cell type preference in vivo in microinjected zebra fish embryos." F Argenton, Y Arava, A Aronheim, and M D Walker. 1996. UASLineは貰ったよ、くらいしか記述なし。
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8
^ GAL4認識配列の発見を証明するため、人工的な認識配列を作製 > To test the assertion that we have identified the GAL4 protein recognition sequence, we synthesized an “improved” site containing the innermost 15 bp of the natural site 3, but with the outer two base pairs altered to agree with our consensus sequence (Figure 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8
^ The sequence of this binding site is 5'-CGGAGTACTGTCCTCCG-3’ and contains a single base change (G->T) from the perfect palindromic consensus to create a ScaⅠ site. > https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90505-3
^ https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90505-3
^ http://kawakami.lab.nig.ac.jp/seq11.html
^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3011415
^ Each UAS is 17 base pairs long, roughly palindromic, and in the form of CGG-N11-CCG. The CpG dinuleotides are essential for Gal4 binding (Marmorstein et al., 1992) and serve as a target for methylation (Goll et al., 2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065955/
^ https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_many_tandem_repeats_of_UAS_is_ideal_for_making_a_zebrafish_transgenic
^ http://kawakami.lab.nig.ac.jp/pub_ja/bio_1.html

[1] To create GAL4-responsive target genes, we designed a vector into which genes can be subcloned behind a tandem array of five optimized GAL4 binding sites (hereafter referred to as the UAS, for Upstream Activation Sequence) http://dev.biologists.org/content/118/2/401.long

[2] The coding region is under the control of five copies of an optimized UAS from yeast and the minimal E1b promoter of adenovirus (Argenton et al., 1996). "Use of the Gal4-UAS technique for targeted gene expression in the zebrafish" Nico ScheerJosé A. Campos-Ortega. 1999. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477398002093

[3] "An activation domain of the helix-loop-helix transcription factor E2A shows cell type preference in vivo in microinjected zebra fish embryos." F Argenton, Y Arava, A Aronheim, and M D Walker. 1996. UASLineは貰ったよ、くらいしか記述なし。

[:1-4] ttps://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8

[5] GAL4認識配列の発見を証明するため、人工的な認識配列を作製 > To test the assertion that we have identified the GAL4 protein recognition sequence, we synthesized an “improved” site containing the innermost 15 bp of the natural site 3, but with the outer two base pairs altered to agree with our consensus sequence (Figure 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8

[6] The sequence of this binding site is 5'-CGGAGTACTGTCCTCCG-3’ and contains a single base change (G->T) from the perfect palindromic consensus to create a ScaⅠ site. > https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90505-3

[7] ttps://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90505-3

[8] ttp://kawakami.lab.nig.ac.jp/seq11.html

[9] ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3011415

[10] Each UAS is 17 base pairs long, roughly palindromic, and in the form of CGG-N11-CCG. The CpG dinuleotides are essential for Gal4 binding (Marmorstein et al., 1992) and serve as a target for methylation (Goll et al., 2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065955/

[11] ttps://www.researchgate.net/post/How_many_tandem_repeats_of_UAS_is_ideal_for_making_a_zebrafish_transgenic

[12] ttp://kawakami.lab.nig.ac.jp/pub_ja/bio_1.html

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GAL4/UASシステム

概要

開発

UASG

欠点

参考文献

脚注

UAS_G