Wikipedia

モラクセラ

モラクセラ属（Moraxella）は、Pseudomonadota門ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱シュードモナス目モラクセラ科に分類される真正細菌の属の一つである。グラム陰性球菌であり、ヒトや動物の口腔・上気道・性器の粘膜における常在菌である。

モラクセラ属
モラクセラ・カタラーリス
Moraxella catarrhalis
モラクセラ・カタラーリスの抗生物質感受性試験。この菌株はβ-ラクタマーゼを生成し、抗生物質アンピシリンに対する耐性を持つ。このことは、この酵素の発生により「β」の紙ラベルが赤色に変色することによって確認できる。
分類
ドメイン : 真正細菌
Bacteria
門 : Pseudomonadota門
綱 : ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱
Gammaproteobacteria
目 : シュードモナス目
Pseudomonadales
科 : モラクセラ科
Moraxellaceae
属 : モラクセラ属
Moraxella
学名
Moraxella
Lwoff 1939[1]
(IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)[2]
タイプ種
モラクセラ・ラクナータ
Moraxella lacunata
(Eyre 1900) Lwoff 1939[1]
(IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)[2]
シノニム
下位分類（種）(2024年6月現在)[43]

呼吸器感染症ではモラクセラ・カタラーリス（Moraxella catarrhalis）が主である。成人市中肺炎の起炎菌としてはしばしば検出される。β-ラクタマーゼ産生菌がほとんどであり、治療に際しては抗生物質の選択に留意する必要がある。アモキシシリン/クラブラン酸合剤、ST合剤、経口第2世代又は第3世代セフェム系、アジスロマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、フルオロキノロン系が推奨される。

モラクセラ・オスロエンシス（Moraxella osloensis）は洗濯物の部屋干しの際に発生する悪臭の原因菌であることが同定された。この菌は、増殖する際に雑巾のような悪臭を発生する4-メチル-3-ヘキセン酸という物質を作る[44]。

参考文献

編集
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  25. ^ Fuxiang Li, Wenhua Zhao, Pei Zhu, Zhanhong Li, Jianling Song, Jianbo Zhu & Huafeng Gao (26 July 2023). “Moraxella nasibovis sp. nov., Isolated from a Cow with Respiratory Disease”. Current Microbiology 80 (305). doi:10.1007/s00284-023-03415-9. PMID 37493823. 
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  27. ^ Fuxiang Li, Huafeng Gao, Pei Zhu, Zhanhong Li, Wenhua Zhao, Jianling Song & Shibiao Yang (18 January 2023). “Moraxella nasicaprae sp. nov., Isolated from a Goat with Respiratory Disease”. Current Microbiology 80 (78): 78. doi:10.1007/s00284-023-03185-4. PMID 36651991. 
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  29. ^ Fuxiang Li​, Pei Zhu, Zhanhong Li​, Wenhua Zhao​, Huafeng Gao​, Qionghua Hong​, Jianling Song​ and Shibiao Yang (06 September 2022). “Moraxella nasovis sp. nov., isolated from a sheep with respiratory disease”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 72 (9): 5511. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005511. PMID 36067072. 
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  44. ^ 『洗濯後に発生する衣類の悪臭の原因菌を解明 -モラクセラ菌が衣類に残り、雑巾様臭を発生-』（プレスリリース）花王株式会社、2011年5月26日。http://www.kao.com/jp/corp_news/2011/20110526_001.html。2011年6月21日閲覧。 

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