アッサム人
アッサム人（英語: Assamese people、アッサム語: অসমীয়া জাতি）は、インド語群のアッサム語話者により構成される民族集団である[5][6]。主にアッサム州・ブラマプトラ渓谷に居住し、同地域の人口の56％を占める[6]。「アッサム人」という民族アイデンティティ自体は近代に生まれたものである一方[7][8]、アッサム語はそれ以前よりこれらの民族集団の精神文化を形成するうえで大きな役割を果たしており[9]、「アッサム人」という用語は民族意識が生まれる前のアッサム語話者に対しても遡及的に用いられる[10]。
| 総人口 | |
|---|---|
| c. 1530万人[1] | |
| 居住地域 | |
 インド | 15,311,351[2] |
 バングラデシュ | 5,000[3] |
 ミャンマー | 不明 |
| 言語 | |
| アッサム語 | |
| 宗教 | |
| 多数派: ヒンドゥー教 少数派: | |
アッサム人はオーストロアジア語族話者、チベット・ビルマ語派話者、インド・アーリア人、タイ族などの多様な民族が数世紀かけて同化したのち成立した民族であり[11]、部族-カースト連続体（tribal-caste continuum）を形成している[12]。一方で、すべてのアッサム人がヒンドゥー教徒であるというわけではなく、およそ42万人存在するイスラム教徒も、重要な部分を占めている[13]。2011年の国勢調査によれば、アッサム州内の48.38%、およそ1509万人がアッサム語話者である。
出典
編集- ^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
- ^ “Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and the mother tongues - 2011”. 3 November 2019閲覧。
- ^ “Assamese rockstar in Bangladesh challenges CAAcophony | Guwahati News - Times of India”. (7 February 2020)
- ^ “Mission roots brings Assamese Sikhs to Punjab”. The Times of India 2 September 2017閲覧。
- ^ Saikia, Yasmin (2004). Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822386162. "the group that now identifies as Tai–Ahom were historically seen as Assamese people. However, the term ethnic Assamese is now associated by the Indian government at Delhi with the Assamese speaking Indo-Aryan group (comprising both Hindus and Muslims) of Assam. The latter group is the majority people of Assam, while the Tai-Ahom people were a dominant minority during the Ahom Rule"
- ^ a b “Battleground Assam a tale of two valleys and the CAA quandary Assam bengal polls 2021 | Opinion News – India TV” (18 February 2021). 2025年1月8日閲覧。
- ^ "All this suggests that Assamese nationalism was a post-British phenomenon. As an ideology and movement it took shape only during the second half of the 19th century, when such questions as the preservation and promotion of the mother-tongue, jobs for the sons of the soil and concern over colonial constraints on development, began to stir Assamese minds." (Guha 1984:54)
- ^ "Assamese micro-nationalism began in the middle of the nineteenth century as an assertion of the autonomy and distinctiveness of Assamese language and culture against the British colonial view of Assam as a periphery of Bengal." (Baruah 1994:654)
- ^ "Assamese language and literature played a major role in forming the Assamese cultural mind even before they came to be known as Assamese." (Deka 2005:192)
- ^ "Yet once the community adopted Assamese as its name, even their ancient language started to be referred to as Assamese." (Deka 2005:192)
- ^ Yasmin Saikia (9 November 2004). Fragmented Memories. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822333739
- ^ (Sharma 2009:355)
- ^ “Assam's Muslims: Why some have been declared 'indigenous' and some left out” (11 July 2022). 2025年1月8日閲覧。
参考文献
編集- Deka, Harekrishna (2005). “The Assamese Mind: contours of a landscape”. India International Centre Quarterly 32 (2/3): 189–202. JSTOR 23006027.
- Guha, Amalendu (1984). “Nationalism: Pan-Indian and Regional in a Historical Perspective”. Social Scientist 12 (2): 42–65. doi:10.2307/3517093. JSTOR 3517093.
- Sharma, Chandan Kumar (2009). “Tribe Caste Continuum and the Formation of Assamese Identity”. In Medhi, B.K. Tribes of North-East India: Issues and Challenges. Delhi: Omsons Publications. pp. 354–366